Walking and Running References

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Alexander, R.McN.; Jayes, A.S. (1983). A dynamic similarity hypothesis for the gaits of quadrupedal mammals. J. Zool., Lond. 201, 135-152.

Alexander, R.McN,; Jayes, A.S. (1978). Optimum walking techniques for idealized animals. J. Zool., Lond. 186, 61-81.

Blickhan, R. and Full, R.J. (1993). Similarity in multilegged locomotion: Bouncing like a monopode. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 173: 509-517.

Cavagna, G.A.; Margaria, R. (1966). Mechanics of walking. J. Appl. Phys. 21, 271-278.

Donelan, J.M. and Kram, R. (1997). The Effect of reduced gravity on the kinematics of human walking: A test of the dynamic similarity hypothesis for locomotion. Journal of Experimental Biology 200: 3193-3201.

Full, R.J. (1989). Mechanics and energetics of terrestrial locomotion: Bipeds to polypeds. Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the European Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry 175-182.

He, J., Kram, R. and McMahon, T.A. (1991). Mechanics of running under simulated low gravity. Journal of Applied Physiology 71: 863-870.

Hreljac, A. (1993). Preferred and energetically optimal gait transition speeds in human locomotion. Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine 1158-1162.

Kram, R., Domingo, A. and Ferris, D.P. (1997). Effect of reduced gravity on the preferred walk-run transition speed. Journal of Experimental Biology 200: 821-826.

Martinez, M.M., Full, R.J., and Koehl, M.A.R. (1998). Underwater punting by an intertidal crab: A novel gait revealed by the kinematics of pedestrian locomotion in air versus water. Journal of Experimental Biology 201: 2609-2693.

Mercier, J., Le Gallais, D., Durand, M., Goudal, C., Micallef, J.P. and Prefaut, C. (1994). Energy expenditure and cardiorespiratory responses at the transition between walking and running. European Journal of Applied Physiology 69: 525-529.

Minetti, A.E., Ardigo, L.P. and Saibene, F. (1994). The transition between walking and running in humans: metabolic and mechanical aspects at different gradients. Acta Physiology Scandinavia 150: 315-323.

Thorstensson, A. and Roberthson, H. (1987). Adaptations to changing speed in human locomotion: speed of transition between walking and running. Acta Physiology Scandinavia 131: 211-214.

Ting, L.H., Blickhan, R. and Full, R.J. (1994). Dynamic and static stability in hexapedal runners. Journal of Experimental Biology 197: 251-269.