Swimming References

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Alexander, R. McN. (1969). The orientation of muscle fibres in the myomeres of fishes. J. mar. biol. Assoc., UK, 49, 263-90.

Alexander, R. McN. 1967. Functional design in fishes. London: Hutchinson Press.

Altringham, J. D. and I. A. Johnston 1990. Modelling muscle power output in a swimming fish. J. exp. Biol. 148: 395-402.

Bainbridge, R. (1958). The speed of swimming of fish as related to size and to the frequency and amplitude of tail beat. J. exp. Biol. 35, 109-33.

Baudinette, R. V. and P. Gill 1985. The energetics of "flying" and "paddling" in water: locomotion in penguins and ducks. J. Comp. Physiol. B 155:373-380.

Blake, R. W. 1979. The energetics of hovering in the mandarin fish (Synchropus picturatus). J. Exp. Biol. 82:25- 33.

Blake, R. W. 1980. Undulatory median fin propulsion of two teleosts with different modes of life. Can. J. Zool. 58:2116-19.

Blake, R. W. 1981. Mechanics of drag-based mechanisms of propulsion in aquatic vertebrates. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 48:29-52.

Blake, R. W. 1983. Median and paired fin propulsion. In Fish Biomechanics, ed. P. W. Webb and D. Weihs. New York: Praeger.

Blaxter, J. H. S. & Holliday, F. G. T. (1963). The behaviour and physiology of herring and other clupeids. In Advances in Marine Biology, vol. 1, ed. F. S. Russell, pp. 262-372. London and New York: Academic Press.

Blight, A. R. (1977). The muscular control of vertebrate swimming movements. Biol. Rev. 52, 181-218.

Bone, 0., Kiceniuk, J. & Jones, D. R. (1978). On the role of the different fibre types in fish myotomes at intermediate swimming speeds. Fish. Bull., US, 76, 691-9.

Bone, Q. and Ryan, K. P. 1973. The structure and innervation of the locomotor muscles of salps (Tunicata: Thaliacea). J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 53, 873.

Breder, C. M. 1926. The locomotion of fishes. Zoologica 4:159 - 297.

Brett, J. R. & Glass, N. R. (1973). Metabolic rates and critical swimming speeds of Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in relation to size and temperature. J. Fish Res. Board Can. 30, 379-87.

Chopra, M. G. & Kambe, T. (1977). Hydromechanics of lunate-tail swimming propulsion part 2. J. Fluid Mech. 79, 49-71.

Eaton, R. C., Bombardieri, R. A. & Meyer, D. L. (1977). The Mauthner-initiated startle response in teleost fish. J. exp. Biol. 66, 65-81.

Fierstine, H. L. & Walters, V. (1968). Studies in locomotion and anatomy of scombroid fishes. Mem. south. California Acad. Sci. 6, 1-31.

Gladfelter, W. B. 1972. Structure and function of the locomotory system of Polyorchis montereyensis (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Helgolander wiss Meeresunters, 23, 88.

Gosline, W. R. 197 1. Functional morphology and classification of teleostean fishes. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Gray, J. 1933. Studies in animal locomotion. J. Exp. Biol. 10:88-104;--386-390; 391-400.

Gray, J. (1933b). Studies in animal locomotion III. The Propulsive mechanism of the whiting (Gadus merlangus). J. exp. Biol. 10, 391-400.

Gray, J. (1968). Animal Locomotion. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

Greene, C. W. & Greene, C. H, (1913). The skeletal musculature of the king salmon. Bull. US Bur. Fish. 33, 21-60.

Grillner, S. & Kashin, S. (1976). On the generation and performance of swimming in fish. In Neural Control of Locomotion, ed. R. M.

Hemmings, C. C. (1973). Direct, observation of the behaviour of fish in relation to fishing gear. Helgoliffider wiss. Meeresunters. 24, 348-60.

Herman, S. Grillner, P. S. G. Steen & D. G. Stuart, pp. 181-201. New York and London: Plenum Press.

Hui, C. A. 1988. Penguin swimming (two papers) Physiol. Zool. 61:333-350.

Hunter, J. R., and R. R. Zweifel. 1971. Swimming speed, tail beat frequency, tail beat amplitude, and size in jack mackerel, Trachurus symmetricus, and other fishes. Fishery Bull. (U. S.) 6 9: 253-266.

Johnson, W., Soden, P. D., and Trueman, E. R. 1972. A study in jet propulsion: an analysis of the motino of the squid, Loligo vulgaris. J. exp. Biol. 56, 155.

Kashin, S. M. & SmoIjaninov, V. V. (1969). On the question of the geometrical arrangement of body muscles in fish. Vop. Ikhtiol. 9, 1139-42. (In Russian.)

Korneliussen, H., Dahl, H. A. & Paulsen, J. E. (1978). Histochemical definition of muscle fibre types in the trunk musculature of a teleost fish (Cod, Gadus morhua, L.). Histochemistry, 55, 1-16.

Lighthill, M. J. (1970). Aquatic animal propulsion of high hydromechanical efficiency. J. Fluid Mech. 44, 265-301.

Lighthill, M. J. (1971). Large amplitude elongated-body theory of fish locomotion, Proc. R. Soc., Ser., B, 179, 125-38.

Lighthill, M. J. (1977). Mathematical theories of fish swimming. In Fisheries Mathematics, ed. J. H. Steele, pp. 131-44. London, New York and San Francisco: Academic Press.

Lighthill, M. J. 1975. Mathematical biofluiddynamics. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.

Lindsey, C. C. 1978. Form, function, and locomotory habits in fish. In Fish physiology, ed. W. S. Hoar and D. J. Randall, vol. 7. New York: Academic Press.

Martin, R. 1966. On the swimming behaviour and biology of Notarchus punctatus Phillipi (Gastropoda. Opisthobranchia). Pubbl. staz. zool. Napoli, 35, 61.

McCutchen, C. W. 1977. Froude propulsive efficiency of a small fish, measured by wake visualization. In T. J. Pedley (ed.) Scale effects in animal locomotion, 339-363. London: Academic Press.

Moore, J. D. and Trueman, E. R. 1971. Swimming of the scallop, Chlamys opercularis (L.). J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 6, 179.Packard, A. 1969. Cephalopods and fish: the limits of convergence. Biol. Rev. 47, 241.

Nachtigall, W. 1980. Mechanics of swimming in water beetles. In H. Y. Elder and E. R. Trueman (eds) Aspects of animal movement, 107-124. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nursall, J. R (1956). The lateral musculature and the swimming of fish. Proc. zool. Soc., Lond. 126, 127-43.

Pedley, T. j., ed, 1976. Scale effects in animal locomotion. New York: Academic Press.

Pitcher, T. J., Partridge, B, L. & Wardle, C. S. (1976). A blind fish can school. Science, NY, 194, 963-5.

Prange, H. D. and K. Schmidt-Nielsen 1970. The metabolic cost of swimming in ducks. J. exp. Biol. 53: 763-778.

Rayner, M. D. & Keenan, M. J. (1967). Role of red and white muscles in the swimming of the skipjack tuna. Nature, Lond. 214, 392-3.

Symmons, S. (1979). Notochordal and elastic components of the axial skeleton of fish and their function in locomotion. J. Zool., Lond. 189, 157-206.

Taylor, G. (195.2). Analysis of the swimming of long narrow animals. Proc. Ry. Soc., Ser. A, 214, 158-83.

Trueman, E. R. and Packard, A. 1968. Motor performances of some cephalopods. J. exp. Biol. 49, 495.

Tyler, P. (1969). Relationship between oxygen consumption and swimming speed in the haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus. Nature, Lond. 221, 274-5.

Tyler, R, Machin, D., Holliday, F. G. T. & Priede, 1. G. (1978). A comparison of the patterns of movement between indigenous and displaced brown trout (Salmo trutta L) in a small shallow loch. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. Ser. B, 76, 245-68.

Videler, J. J. (1975). On the interrelationships between morphology and movement in the tail of the cichlid fish Tilapia nilotica (L.). Ne'tk J. Zool. 25, 143-94.

Videler, J. J. (1977). Mechanical properties of fish tail joints. Fortschr. Zool. 24, 183-94.

Videler, J. J. & Wardle, C. S. (1978). New kinematic data from high speed cine film recordings of swimming cod (Gadus morhua) Neth. J. Zool. 28, 465-84.

Vogel, S. 1981. Life in moving fluids. Boston: Willard Grant Press.

Wainwright, S. A., Vorsburgh, F. & Hebrank, J. H. (1978). Shark skin: function in locomotion. Science, NY, 202, 747-9.

Ward, D. V. 1972. Locomotory function of squid mantle. J. Zool. Lond. 167, 487.

Wardle, C. S. (1975). Limit of fish swimming speed. Nature, Lond. 225, 725-7.

Wardle, C. S. (1977a). Effects of size on swimming speeds of fish. In Scale Effects in Animal Locomotion, ed. T. J. Pedley, pp. 299-313. New York and London: Academic Press.

Wardle, C. S. & Reid, A. (1977). The application of large amplitude elongated body theory to measure swimming power in fish. In Fishe Mathematics, cd. J. H. Steele, pp, 171-91. London, New York and San Francisco: Academic Press.

Webb, J. E. 1973. Swimming in amphioxus. J. Zool, Lond., 170, 325.

Webb, P. W. and D. Weihs (eds) Fish Biomechanics. New York: Praeger.

Webb, P. W. 1976. The effect of size on the fast-start performance of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, and a consideration of piscivorous predator-prey interactions.j. Exp. Biol. 65:157-177.

Webb, P. W. 1981. Effects of swimming path curvature on the energetics of fish motion. Fishery Bull. (U.S.) 79:171-176.

Weihs, D. (1973a). Hydromechanics of fish schooling. Nature, Lond. 141,290-1.

Weihs, D. (1 973b). Optimal cruising speed for migrating fish. Nature, Lond. 245, 48-50.

Weihs, D. (1 973c). Mechanically efficient swimming techniques for fish with negative buoyancy. J. mar. Res. 31, 194-209.

Weihs, D. (1974). Energetic advantages of burst swimming of fish. J. theor, Biol. 48, 215-29.

Weihs, D. (1977). Effects of size on sustained swimming speeds of aquatic organisms. In Scale Effects in Animal Locomotion, ed. T. J. Pedley, pp. 299-313. New York and London: Academic Press.

Weilis, D., and P. W. Webb. 1983. Optimization of swimming. In Fish Biomechanics, ed. P. W. Webb and D. Weihs. New York: Praeger.

Wu, T. Y. (1971). Hydromechanics of swimming fishes and cetaceans. Adv. appl. Math. 11, 1-62.

Wu, T. Y,-T., C. J. Brokaw, and C. Brennen, eds. 1975. Swimming and flying in nature, vol. 2. New York: Plenum Press.

Yonge, C. M. 1936. The evolution of the swimming habit in the Lamellibranchia. Mem. Mus. Hist. nat. Belg., 3, 77.