Gliding References

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Alexander, R. M. 1971. Size and Shape. London: Edward Arnold.

Azuma, A. and Y. Okuno. 1987. Flight of a samara, Alsomitra macrocarpa. Theor. Biol. 129: 263-74.

Cone, C. D. 1962. The soaring flight of birds. Sci. Amer. 206(4):130-40.

Csicaky, M. J. 1977. Body gliding in the zebra finch. Fortschr. Zool. 24, 2/3: 275-86.

Duellman, W. E. 1970. The hylid frogs of Middle America. Monogr.Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kans., 1. 1

Ennos, A. R. 1989. The effect of size on the optimal shapes of gliding insect and seeds. J. Zool. Lond. 219: 61-69.

Emerson S. B., and M. A. R. Koehl 1990. The interaction of behavioral and morphological change in the evolution of a novel locomotor type-flying frogs. Evolution 44: 1931-46.

Feduccia, A., and H. B. Tordoff. 1979. Feathers of Archaeopteryx: asymmetric vanes indicate aerodynamic function. Science (N.Y.) 203:1021-22.

Fish, R. E. 1990. Wing design and scaling of flying fish with regard to flight performance. J. Zool. Lond. 221: 391-403.

Gibo, D. L. and Pallett, M. J. (1979) Soaring flight of monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Danaidae), during the late summer migration in southern Ontario. Can. J. Zool. 57,1393-1401.

Jensen,.M. (1956). Biology and physics of locust flight. III. The aerodynamics of locust flight. Phil. Trans. R. Soc., Ser. B 239, 511-52.

Langston, W, Jr. 1981. Pterosaurs. Sci. Am. 244:92 -102

McCutchen, C. W. 1977. The spinning rotation of ash and tulip tree samaras. Science 197. 691-92.

Oliver, J. A. 1951. "Gliding" in amphibians and reptiles, with a remark on arboreal adaptation in the lizard Anolis carolinensis Vioght. Amer. Nat. 85: 171-76.

Pennycuick, C. J. (1968). A wind-tunnel study of gliding flight in the pigeon Columba livia. Journal of Experimental Biology 49:509-526.

Pennycuick, C. J. (1971) Control of gliding angle in Ruppell's griffon vulture, Gyps ruppellii. J. exp. Biol. 55, 39-46.

Pennycuick, C. J. 1971a. Gliding flight of the white-backed vulture Gyps africanus. J. Exp. Biol. 55:13 - 38.

Pennycuick, C. J. 1971c. Gliding flight of the dog-faced bat Rousettus aegyptiacus observed in a wind tunnel. J. Exp. Biol. 55:833-845.

Pennycuick, C. J. (1972) Soaring behaviour and performance of some East African birds, observed from a motor-glider. Ibis 114, 178-218.

Russel, A. P. 1979. The origin of parachuting locomotion in gekkonid lizards (Reptilia, Gekkonidae). J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 65:233-249.

Scholey, K. (1986). The climbing and gliding locomotion of the giant red flying squirrel Petaurista petaurista (Sciuridae). In W. Nachtigall (ed.), Biona Report 5: B-at flight-Fledermausflug , 187-204. Heidelberg: Fischer.

Scott, N. J., and A. Starret. 1974. An unusual breeding aggregation of frogs, with notes on the ecology of Agalychnis spurrelli (Anura, Hylidae). Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 73:86-94.

Tucker, V. A., and Q C. Parrott. 1970. Aerodynamics of gliding flight in a falcon and other birds. J. Exp. Biol. 52:345-367.

Thorington, R. W. Jr., and L. R. Heaney. 1981. Body proportions and gliding adaptations of flying squirrels (Petauristinae). J. Mamm. 62: 101-14.

Videler, J. J. and A. Groenewold. 1991. Field measurements of hanging flight aerodynamics in the kestrel Falco tinnunculus. J. exp. Biol. 155: 519-30.

Wilson, L:A. (1975) Sweeping flight and soaring by albatrosses. Nature 257,307-308. Withers, P. C. (1979). Aerodynamics and hydrodynamics of the "hovering" flight of Wilson's storm petrel. Journal of Experimental Biology 80: 83-91.

Withers, P. C. and Timko, P. L. (1977) The significance of ground effect to the aerodynamic cost of flight and energetics of the black skimmer (Rhyncops nigra). J. exp. Biol. 70, 13-26.