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Robert J. Full
Education
Professional Positions
Honors and Awards
Professional Societies
Professional Activiites
Research Experience
Presentations
Patents
Publications
Education
Ph.D. State University of New York at Buffalo 1984
M.A. State University of New York at Buffalo 1982
B.A. State University of New York at Buffalo 1979
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Professional Positions
Goldman Professor University of California, Berkeley 1999 - 2001
Chancellor’s Professor University of California, Berkeley 1996 - 1999
Professor University of California, Berkeley 1995 - present
Associate Professor University of California, Berkeley 1991 - 1995
Assistant Professor University of California, Berkeley 1986 - 1991
Post doctoral Lectureship The University of Chicago, 1984 - 1986
NSF Research Assistant S.U.N.Y. Buffalo, Summers 1979 - 1984
Teaching Assistant S.U.N.Y. Buffalo, 1979 - 1984
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Honors and/or Awards
Goldman Professorship - U.C. Berkeley
Chancellor’s Professorship - U.C. Berkeley
Distinguished Teaching Award - U.C. Berkeley
Friday Evening Lecturer - MBL, Woods Hole
G.W. Thorn Award - Distinguished Alumni, S.U.N.Y. Buffalo
National Academy of Sciences Invited Speaker - Annual Meeting 1995
Frontiers of Science Speaker - National Academy of Sciences
Invited Scholar - Oklahoma Scholars Leadership Enhancement Program
Presidential Young Investigator Award, NSF
COCOS Foundation Lecturer, Duke University
Master’s Scholar Award, Northeastern Association of Graduate Schools
Excellence in Teaching Award for Graduate Students, S.U.N.Y. Buffalo Sigma Xi, Willard B. Elliot Award - Outstanding Research Accomplishments
Scholarship, Duke University Marine Laboratory
Graduate Fellow, S.U.N.Y. Buffalo
Phi Beta Kappa, S.U.N.Y. Buffalo
Summa Cum Laude, S.U.N.Y. Buffalo
Outstanding Undergraduate Senior Award - Biology, S.U.N.Y Buffalo
Phi Eta Sigma - Honor Society, S.U.N.Y Buffalo
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Professional Societies
Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology (formerly the American Society of Zoologists)
American Society of Biomechanics
American Physiological Society
European Society of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Sigma Xi - Scientific Research Society
Society of Experimental Biology
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Professional Activities
Membership committee, American Society of Zoologists (1991-2, Chair, 1993)
Electronic communications committee, American Society of Zoologists / Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology (Chair, 1994-1999)
Selected to define expansion of the Biosystems, Analysis and Control Program (promote integration of biology and engineering), National Science Foundation (Co-Chair, 1995)
Program Planning Committee, Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology (1995 -1998)
Nominating committee for society-wide offices, Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology (1998)
Science Task Force Chair, Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology (1999)
Executive Committee, Member at Large, Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology (2003-5)
Science Advisory Board, Samsung (2004 – 6)
External Member of Development team for the Production of a Capabilities Roadmap to 2030, NASA (2004-5)
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Research Experience
National
State University of New York at Buffalo, 1979 - 1984, 1989
energetics and capacity of arthropod terrestrial locomotion
The University of Chicago, 1984 - 1986
economy and capacity of vertebrate (salamander) locomotion
Harvard University, Concord Field Station, 1984, 1985, 1986
biomechanics of arthropod locomotion
Holy Cross College, 1985, 1987
muscle energetics during sprinting in arthropods
University of California at Irvine, 1991, 1993
movement from muscle level to whole body dynamics
International
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama 1981
energetics of load carrying in arthropods (hermit crabs)
Max Planck Institute, Goettingen, West Germany, 1985
cutaneous gas exchange during exercise in salamanders
Universitat des Saarlandes, Saarbrucken, West Germany, 1988
theoretical modeling of terrestrial locomotion
Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat, Inst. f. Sportwissenschaft, Germany, 1997-8, 2001
force production in the smallest insects
jumping in spiders
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Invited Presentations
1. “The invertebrate runner.” Duke University Marine Laboratory (Beaufort, North Carolina 1981).
2. “How to study biology.” State University of New York at Buffalo (Buffalo, N.Y. 1982).
3. “Invertebrate locomotion.” Department of Anatomy. The University of Chicago (Chicago, Illinois 1984).
4. “Multilegged exercise.” Wellesley College (Wellesley, Mass. 1984).
5. “Locomotion energetics and performance.” Department of Biology. College of the Holy Cross (Worcester, Mass. 1985).
6. “Energetics and endurance in arthropods and some lower vertebrates.” Max Planck Institut (Goettingen, West Germany 1985).
7. “Terrestrial locomotion energetics.” University of Florida (Gainesville, Florida 1986).
8. “Locomotion energetics and performance: From running sideways to exercising without lungs.” Department of Zoology. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 1986).
9. “Locomotion without lungs: were the Germans right?” College of the Holy Cross (Worcester, Mass. 1987).
10. “Locomotion energetics and performance of insects and other arthropods.” Department of Entomology. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 1987).
11.”Locomotion energetics and performance: From running sideways to exercising without lungs.” University of California at Davis (Davis, Ca. 1987).
12. “Terrestrial locomotion energetics and performance.” Bodega Marine Laboratory. University of California at Berkeley (1987).
13. “Terrestrial locomotion energetics and performance.” Department of Biology. California State, Hayward (1987).
14. “Mechanics and energetics of terrestrial locomotion.” Department of Zoology. University of Kentucky (Lexington, Ken. 1987).
15. “Terrestrial locomotion energetics and performance: From running sideways to exercising without lungs.” University of British Columbia (Vancouver, Canada 1988).
16.” Variation in exercise energetics and performance.” Phys. Ed. Department. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 1988).
17. “Mechanics of terrestrial locomotion: polypeds to bipeds.” Dept. of Physical Therapy. State University of New York at Buffalo (Buffalo, N.Y. 1988).
18. “Locomotion without lungs.” Department of Zoology. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 1988).
19. “Locomotion energetics: from running sideways to exercising without lungs.” Department of Zoology. Duke University (Durham, N.C. 1989).
20.”Mechanics of polypedal locomotion.” Dept. of Zoology. Biomechanics Group. Duke University (Durham, N.C. 1989).
21. “Energetics of terrestrial locomotion.” Scripps Oceanographic Institute. University of California at San Diego (LaJolla, Ca. 1989).
22. “Locomotion energetics: from running sideways to exercising without lungs.” Department of Zoology. University of Oklahoma (Norman, OK. 1989).
23. “Dynamics of 6-legged runners compared to hexapedal walking machines.” Design Division. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Stanford University. (Stanford, Ca. 1989).
24. “Moving real-time data acquisition technology from research to teaching.” Instructional Technologies Program. Sponsored by Apple Computer and National Instruments. (U.C. Berkeley, 1989).
25. “Galloping ghosts and data acquisition technology.” MacWorld Convention. Sponsored by National Instruments. (San Francisco, Ca. 1990).
26. “Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion.” Department of Biology. San Diego State University (San Diego, Ca. 1990).
27. “Endurance capacity of terrestrial locomotion.” Department of Biology. Idaho State University (Pocatello, Id. 1991).
28. “Diversity enables discovery.” Sigma Xi Chapter. Idaho State University (Pocatello, Id. 1991).
29. “Mechanics of terrestrial locomotion.” Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. University of California at Irvine (Irvine, Ca. 1991).
30. “Energetics of terrestrial locomotion.” Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. University of California at Irvine (Irvine, Ca. 1991).
31. “Endurance capacity of terrestrial locomotion.” Department of Biology. University of Utah (Salt Lake City, Ut. 1991).
32. “Mechanics of terrestrial locomotion.” Department of Biology. University of Utah (Salt Lake City, Ut. 1991).
33. “Mechanics of polypedal locomotion.” Department of Biology. Brown University (Providence, RI 1991).
34. “Inspiration from insects: the design of legged robots.” Pacific Coast Entomological Society. California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco, Ca. 1991)
35. “Inspiration from insects: the design of legged robots.” Department of Biology. Case Western Reserve University (Cleveland, Oh., 1991).
36. “Development of critical thinking using the Perry model.” Graduate Student Instructor Affairs Meeting and Graduate Student Instructor FORUM. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 1992).
37. “Inspiration from insects: the design of legged robots.” Department of Integrative Biology. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 1992).
38. “The design of six-legged robots.” Department of Mechanical Engineering. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 1992).
39. “Diversity enables discovery.” Howard Hughes Regional Lecture. Case Western Reserve University (Cleveland, OH., 1992).
40. “Inspiration from insects: the design of legged robots.” Department of Bioengineering. Stanford University (Stanford, Ca. 1992).
41. “Inspiration from insects: the design of legged robots.” Department of Biology. University of California at Riverside (Riverside, Ca. 1993).
42. “Inspiration from insects: the design of legged robots.” Department of Biological Psychology. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 1993).
43. “Bugs, robots and science.” Contra Costa District Elementary School Science Fair. (Concord, Ca. 1993).
44. “Inspiration from crustaceans toward the design of legged amphibious robots.” Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency. (Washington, D.C. 1993).
45. “Inspiration from crustaceans toward the design of legged amphibious robots.” Rockwell International. (Thousands Oaks, California, 1993).
46. “Inspiration from arthropods: the design of legged robots.” Scripps Oceanographic Institute. University of California at San Diego (LaJolla, Ca. 1993).
47. “Inspiration from biology: the design of legged robots.” University of California at Berkeley Alumni Association (Walnut Creek, Ca. 1993).
48. “Diversity enables discovery: Inspiration from arthropods: the design of legged robots.” Scripps Oceanographic Institute. University of California at Los Angles (Los Angeles, Ca. 1994).
49. “Diversity enables discovery: Inspiration from insects: the design of legged robots.” Department of Biology. University of California at Los Angeles (Los Angeles, Ca. 1994).
50. “Diversity enables discovery: Inspiration from insects in the design of legged robots.” Oklahoma Scholar Leadership Enhancement Program. Oklahoma State University (Stillwater, Ok. 1994).
51. “Inspiration from biology: the design of legged robots.” University of California at Berkeley Alumni Association (Monterey Bay, Ca. 1994).
52. “Diversity enables discovery: Inspiration from insects: the design of legged robots.” Department of Biological Sciences. State University of New York at Buffalo (Buffalo, NY. 1994).
53. “Diversity enables discovery: Inspiration from insects: the design of legged robots.” Stanford University. Hopkins Marine Station (Monterey, CA. 1994).
54. “Diversity enables discovery: Lessons from many legged locomotors.” National Academy of Sciences (Washington, DC 1995).
55. “Diversity enables discovery: Lessons from many legged locomotors.” Alumni Awards Meeting. State University of New York at Buffalo (Buffalo, NY. 1995).
56. “Diversity enables discovery: Lessons from many legged locomotors as inspiration for robot design.” Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, MA 1995).
57. “Inspiration from insects: the design of legged robots.” Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Mechatronics course. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 1995).
58. “ Muscles inside skeletons.” Department of Zoology. Biomechanics Group. Duke University (Durham, N.C. 1995).
59. “Diversity enables discovery: Lessons from many legged locomotors as inspiration for robot design.” 33rd Annual Briefing New Horizons in Science. Council for the Advancement of Science Writing. (Durham, N.C. 1995).
60. “Diversity enables discovery: Insights from many legged locomotors.” ARL Division of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology. University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ. 1995).
61. “Muscles inside skeletons.” Motor Control Training Program. University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ. 1995).
62. “Diversity enables discovery: Insights from many legged locomotors.” Department of Neurobiology. California Institute of Technology (Pasadena, CA, 1996)
63. “Diversity enables discovery: Insights from many legged locomotors.” Department of Biology. University of Puget Sound (Tacoma, WA. 1996).
64. “Muscles inside skeletons.” Department of Zoology. University of Washington (Seattle, WA. 1996).
65. “Diversity enables discovery: Insights from many legged locomotors.” Electrical Engineering. University of Washington (Seattle, WA. 1996).
66. “Integrative Biology at Cal: A thank you.” Department of Integrative Biology Commencement Speech (Berkeley, CA 1996).
67. “Diversity Enables Discovery: Inspiration from Insects in the Design of Legged Robots.” Cal Parents Day (Berkeley, CA 1996).
68. “3D dynamic models: multiple muscle systems to whole body terrestrial locomotion.” Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. University of California at Irvine (Irvine, CA. 1996).
69. “Poly-pedal animal locomotion: lessons for the design of legged robots.” Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. University of California at Irvine (Irvine, CA. 1996).
70. “Diversity Enables Discovery: Inspiration from Insects in the Design of Legged Robots.” Chancellor’s Forum, University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, CA 1996).
71. “Diversity Enables Discovery: Inspiration from Insects in the Design of Legged Robots.” Letters & Science Alumni Presentation. (Modesto, CA 1996).
72. “The AAPE center at U. C. Berkeley: Using Data Acquisition, Analysis, Presentation, and Exchange to address Biological Complexity.” PolyPEDAL Presentation. ACM SIGGRAPH. (New Orleans, LA, 1996).
73. “Roots, rules and relevance: the importance of integrative biology.” 7th Annual Technology, Entertainment and Design Conference. (Monterey, CA, 1997).
74. “3D dynamic models: multiple muscle systems to whole body terrestrial locomotion.” Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Complex Systems Group. University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI. 1997).
75. “Poly-pedal animal locomotion: lessons for the design of legged robots.” Department of Biology. University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI. 1997).
76. “Lessons for the design of legged robots.” Department of Mathematics. Boston University (Boston, MA. 1997).
77. “Diversity enables discovery.” Northern California Science Writers Association. (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 1997).
78. “Diversity enables discovery: lessons from many-legged animals and robots.” Presidential Keynote Address. Meeting of the Clinical Gait Society. (San Diego, CA. 1998).
79. “Dynamic modeling in movement.” Computer Science 260 Class Lecture. User-Interfaces to Computer Systems. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. Feb. 1998).
80. “Mechanics of locomotion.” Mechanical Engineering 176 Class Lecture. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. Sept. 1998).
81. “Shared Discoveries Program.” FORUM on Education – Meeting with UC President. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, CA 1998).
82. “Closing the gap between teaching and research.” Letters & Science Alumni Presentation. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 1999).
83. “The philosophy behind Integrative Biology.” SCIBUGS - Society of Integrative Biology Undergraduates Presentation. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. Feb. 1999).
84. “Closing the gap between teaching and research.” Short Course for Faculty Advisors of GSIs and Professional Developers of GSIs. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 1999).
85. “Rethinking teaching in light of research.” Graduate Student Instructor Affairs Meeting and Graduate Student Instructor FORUM. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 1999).
86. “Biological inspiration: lessons from many-legged locomotors.” NASA. (Goddard, MD, 1999).
87. “Bipedal bugs, galloping ghosts and gripping geckos: animation and design of rapid running robots.” Public Lecture. Cal Day. (Berkeley, CA, 1999).
88. “Biological inspiration: lessons from many-legged locomotors.” Carpenter Lecture. (San Diego State University, CA, 1999).
89. “Biological inspiration: lessons from many-legged locomotors.” JASON Project (McClean, VA, 1999).
90. “Treadmill toads, bipedal bugs, galloping ghosts and gripping geckos: animation and design of rapid running robots.” Exploratorium. (San Francisco, CA, 1999).
91. “Life in Motion Outreach.” Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation at Exploratorium. (San Francisco, CA, 1999).
92. “Biological inspiration: lessons from many-legged locomotors.” Plenary Lecture. International Conference on Field and Service Robotics. Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh, Pa, 1999).
93. “Mechanics of locomotion.” Mechanical Engineering 176 Class Lecture. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. Sept. 1999).
94. “Biological inspiration: lessons from many-legged locomotors.” Plenary Lecture. International Society of Robotics Research. (Snowbird, Ut, 1999).
95. “Neuromechanics: Lessons from Many-Legged Locomotors.” Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. (Stanford, CA 2000).
96. “Diversity enables discovery: Insights from many legged locomotors.” Department of Physics. University of California at Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA, 2000).
97. “Diversity enables discovery: Insights from many legged locomotors.” Department of Physics. California Institute of Technology (Pasadena, CA, 2000).
98. “Gripping geckos.” Xerox PARC. (Menlo Park, CA, 2000).
99. “Mechanics of locomotion.” Mechanical Engineering 176 Class Lecture. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. Sept. 2001).
100. “Dinosaurs: Movies, Robots and Reality.” Museum of Paleontology. Lawrence Hall of Science. (Berkeley, Ca. 2001).
101. “Gripping Geckos: Integration Provides Biology Inspiration toward Mecho-Geckos and Dry Adhesives.” Department of Integrative Biology. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 2001).
102. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Rapid Running Robots.” AI, Geometry, Graphics, Vision, and Robotics: Stanford Broad Area Colloquium. Stanford University (Palo Alto, Ca. 2001).
103. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Rapid Running Robots.” Spencer Trask Public Lecture. Princeton University. (Princeton, N.J. 2001).
104. “Closing the Gap between Teaching and Research – Shared Discoveries.” McGraw Hill Center for Teaching and Learning. Princeton University. (Princeton, N.J. 2001).
105. “Teaching Undergraduates to Conduct Research.” Graduate Student Instructor FORUM. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 2001).
106. “Dynamics of Galloping Ghosts, Gripping Geckos and Running Robots.” Plenary lecture for the Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics. (Snowbird, Ut, 2001).
107. “Biological Inspiration for Robotics.” Invited speaker for the Technology Panel of the Defense Science Board of the United States (Arlington, VA, 2001).
108. “Control and Stability: From Galloping Ghosts to Gripping Geckos.”” Keynote speaker. 2nd International Conference on Motion Systems. Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat (Jena, Germany, 2001).
109. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspired Computer Animation, Robotics, Artificial Muscles and Adhesives.” Letters & Science Course 1. University of California at Berkeley. (Berkeley, Ca, 2002).
110. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Animation, Adhesives and Robots.” Opening Societywide Presentation. Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology (Anaheim, Ca. 2002).
111. “Bouncing Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspired Materials, Robots and Adhesives.” Technology, Entertainment and Design Conference. (Monterey, CA. 2002).
112. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Animation, Adhesives and Robots.” Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering. Cornell University. (Ithaca, NY. 2002).
113. “Muscles as Multi-functional Materials.” Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering. Cornell University. (Ithaca, NY. 2002).
114. “Mechanics of locomotion.” Mechanics of Organisms. IB 131 Class Lecture. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. April 2002).
115. “Biological Inspiration for Robotics.” Invited speaker for the Bio-Vision Seminar Series, DARPA (Arlington, VA, 2002).
116. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Animation, Adhesives and Robots.” Sigma Xi – Scientific Research Society. (Berkeley, CA 2002).
117. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Animation, Adhesives and Robots.” Cal Day. University of California at Berkeley. (Berkeley, CA. 2002).
118. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BiopInspired Robots, Adhesives and Artificial Muscles”. NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program invited speaker. Case Western University. (Cleveland, OH. 2002).
119. “Bouncing Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: All in the Name of Bioinspiration.” Public Relations Seminar. (Naples, FL. 2002).
120. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Animation, Adhesives and Robots.” Berlin Institute of Advanced Studies. (Berlin, Germany, 2002).
121. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Animation, Adhesives and Robots.” New York Hall of Science. (NY, NY, 2002).
122. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Computer Animation.” ACM SIGGRAPH. (San Antonio, Tx, 2002).
123. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Animation, Adhesives and Robots.” 2002 Cal Homecoming and Parent Weekend.. (Berkeley, CA, 2002).
124. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Artificial Muscles, Adhesives and Robots.” Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Computer Science Department and Neuroscience Program. University of Southern California. (Pasedena, CA. 2002).
125. Critical Thinking in the Classroom. Lecture. Integrative Biology Class 303. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 2003).
126. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BiopInspired Robots, Adhesives and Artificial Muscles”. University of California Berkeley Emeriti Association. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 2003).
127. “Educating the Next Generation: Sharing Research Discoveries Enables Engagement, Creativity and Critical Thinking.” Mellon Faculty Institute on Undergraduate Research. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 2003).
128. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: Natural History Leading to Computer Animation, Robotics and Adhesives”. Plenary Lecture. Meeting of the National Science Collections Alliance. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. 2003).
129. “Unlocking the Secrets of BioMotion.” Technology, Entertainment and Design for Medicine 3 Conference. (Philadelphia, Pa. 2003).
130. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BiopInspired Robots, Adhesives and Artificial Muscles”. Plenary Lecture. UC System-wide Biomedical Engineering Symposium. University of California at San Diego (San Diego, Ca. 2003).
131. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspired Computer Animation, Robotics, Artificial Muscles and Adhesives.” Plenary Lecture to National Youth Leadership Foundation on Technology. (San Jose, Ca. 2003).
132. “The Value of Interdisciplinary Instruction.” National Academe of Sciences. National Research Council. Bio 2010 Summer Institute Pilot. Univ. of Wisconsin. (Madison, Wi, 2003).
133. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspired Computer Animation, Robotics, Artificial Muscles and Adhesives.” Robotics Society of America. (San Francisco, Ca, 2003).
134. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspired Computer Animation, Robotics, Artificial Muscles and Adhesives.” Department of Bioengineering. University of California at Berkeley. (Berkeley, Ca, 2003).
135. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Animation, Adhesives and Robots.” Department of Biology and Kinesiology. Penn State University. (College Park, Pa. 2003).
136. “Neuromechanics of Locomotion: Coupled Clocks and Leg Springs Tested in Physical Models that Run.” Department of Kinesiology – Action Club. Penn State University. (College Park, Pa. 2003).
137. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspired Computer Animation, Robotics, Artificial Muscles and Adhesives.” Letters & Science Course 1. University of California at Berkeley. (Berkeley, Ca, 2003).
138. The Development and Identification of Critical Thinking in Education. Lecture. Integrative Biology Class 303. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. Fall 2003).
139. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspired Computer Animation, Robotics, Artificial Muscles and Adhesives.” Siemens Westinghouse Science Mathematics and Technology Competition. University of California at Berkeley. (Berkeley, Ca, 2003).
140. Biological Inspiration.” Conference on the Power of Design. Young Presidents Organization. (Quadrus Club, Palo Alto, Ca. Fall 2003).
141. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspired Robotics, Artificial Muscles and Adhesives.” Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. (Stanford, CA 2003).
142. “The Value of Interdisciplinary Instruction.” National Academy of Science. Board on Life Sciences. Beckman Center. (Irvine, CA 2003).
143. “Bugs and Robots.” Woodside Elementary School. (Walnut Creek, CA, 2004).
144. “Robotic BioMotion.” Mission to Mars Celebration. Webcast Live. Exploratorium. (San Francisco, CA, 2004).
145. “Biologically Inspired Design.” ArtCenter Design Conference. ArtCenter College of Design. (Pasadena, CA, 2004).
146. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Animation, Adhesives and Robots.” Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mathematics. Princeton University. (Princeton, NJ. 2004).
147. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Animation, Adhesives and Robots.” Department of Organismal Biology and Evolution. Harvard University. (Cambridge, MA. 2004).
148. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Animation, Adhesives and Robots.” Mitre Corp. (Bedford, MA. 2004).
149. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Animation, Adhesives and Robots.” Plenary Lecture in Symposium on Exercise. Department of Biology. University of California at Irvine. (Irvine, CA. 2004).
150. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspiration for Animation, Adhesives and Robots.” Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories Retirees Group (EX-Ls) (Berkeley, CA. 2004).
151. The Development and Identification of Critical Thinking in Education. Lecture. Integrative Biology Class 303. University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley, Ca. Fall 2004).
152. “The Value of Interdisciplinary Education in K-12.” Chapman University. (Concord, CA. 2004).
153. “The Value of Interdisciplinary Education.” Investigating Introductory Sciences Courses in the Undergraduate Context: A Systems Approach. NRC Education Center. National Academy of Sciences. (Washington, DC 2004).
154. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspired Computer Animation, Robotics, Artificial Muscles and Adhesives.” Harvey Mudd College (Claremont, CA, 2004).
156. “The Value of Interdisciplinary Research-Based Instruction.” California Science Teachers Association Meeting. (San Francisco, CA. 2005)
157. “The Value of Interdisciplinary Education.” MIT HHNI. (Cambridge, MA 2005).
158. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspired Computer Animation, Robotics, Artificial Muscles and Adhesives.” Plenary Lecture to National Youth Leadership Foundation on Technology. (San Jose, Ca. 2004).
159. “Biologically Inspired Design.” Technology, Entertainment and Design Conference. (Monterey, CA. 2005).
160. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos Bio-Inspired Computer Animation, Robotics, Artificial Muscles and Adhesives.” XXII Alexander Graham Christie Lecture. Johns Hopkins University. (Baltimore, MD. 2005).
161. “Biologically Inspired Design.” ArtCenter College of Design. (Pasadena, CA. 2005).
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Invited Symposia / Workshop Presentations
National
1. “Exercise limitations in many-legged travelers: arthropod terrestrial locomotion.” Symposium on Physiological limitations to performance: A comparative approach. American Physiological Society (New Orleans, La. 1986).
2. “Cost of transport and the efficiency of invertebrate terrestrial locomotion.” Symposium on Concepts of efficiency in biological systems. American Society of Zoologists. (San Francisco, Ca. 1988).
3. “Dynamics of insect locomotion compared to hexapod walking machines.” Symposium on Locomotion and lower extremity control. Division of Dynamics and Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. (San Francisco, Ca. 1989).
4. “Energetics and endurance of continuous and intermittent activity in ghost crabs (Ocypode quardata).” Symposium on The Compleat Crab. American Society of Zoologists. (San Antonio, Tx. 1990).
5. “Mechanics of legged locomotion in invertebrates.” Symposium on Control of Invertebrate Legged Locomotion. Office of Naval Research. (National Academy of Sciences Study Center, Woods Hole, MA 1991).
6. “Biomechanics of crab locomotion.” Symposium on Aquatic Locomotion. Office of Naval Research. (National Academy of Sciences Study Center, Woods Hole, MA 1993).
7. “The importance of mechanical systems in understanding arthropod neural control of locomotion.” Meeting on Adaptive and Learning Systems. (Yale University, New Haven, CT 1994).
8. “Animal locomotion and robot design.” National Academy of Sciences 6th Annual Symposium on the Frontiers of Science. (Beckman Center, Irvine, CA. 1994).
9. “Muscles inside a skeleton: Isolated muscle function and musculo-skeletal modeling of running insects.” Symposium on Comparative Locomotion. American Society of Biomechanics. (Stanford University, CA. 1995).
10. “Biological inspiration for the design of legged, amphibious robots.” Autonomous Robotic Systems For U.S. Navy Littoral Operations Workshop. Naval Undersea Warfare Center (Newport RI, 1996).
11. “Animal locomotion: biological inspiration toward the design of new meso-robots .” Defense Sciences Research Council Workshop on Mesoscopic Machines (San Diego CA, 1996).
12. “Muscles inside skeletons: a 3D leg musculo-skeletal model .” Symposium on Muscle properties and organismal function: shifting paradigms. Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology. (Albuquerque, NM. 1996).
13. “Polypedal self-stabilization, preflexes and performance.” Symposium on Pattern generation vs the use of dynamic feedback and hybrid approaches. Office of Naval Research Workshop held in the MIT Leg Laboratory. (Boston, MA 1997).
14. “Walking machines and the biomechanics of movement.” Pinkham Lecture Series Continuing Medical Education Workshop. University of Washington, Swedish Medical Center (Seattle, WA, 1997).
15. “Neuromechanical Systems, Approaches, Techniques and Variables:When do they matter most?” Workshop on Neuromechanics. Santa Fe Institute. (Santa Fe, NM. 1998).
16. “Closing the gap between teaching and research.” Workshop on Education – Meeting of Deans ands Vice Provosts of UC Universities. (UCLA, Los Angles, CA. 1998).
17. “Self-stabilization, maneuverability and gripping.” Symposium on Legged locomotion – muscle-like actuators. Office of Naval Research Workshop held at Naval EOD Technology Center. (Indian Head, MD, 1998).
18. “ Neuromechanics of self-stabilization, maneuverability and gripping in polypeds.” Meeting on Controlled Biological Systems. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. (San Diego, CA, 1998).
19. “Inspiration from nature toward the design of surface-roving biomorphic explorers.” Symposium on “Biomorphic Explorers.” (NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, CA, 1998).
20. “Component technologies of climbing.” Presented with IS Robotics Inc. Meeting on Controlled Biological Systems. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. (Tucson, Arizona, 1999).
21.. “Component technologies of climbing.” Demonstration presented with IS Robotics Inc. Meeting on Controlled Biological Systems. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. (Washington, DC, 1999).
22. “Computational Neuromechanics: Programming Work in Biological Systems.” Demonstration presented with University of Michigan. Meeting on Controlled Biological Systems. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. (Washington, DC, 1999).
23. “Artificial muscles versus natural actuators from frogs to flies.” Keynote in Symposium on “ Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices.” Smart Structures Meeting of the Society of Optical Engineering (Newport Beach, CA, 2000).
24. “Biology on the Move, From Molecules to Organisms.” Symposium Organizer. Focus 2000 Meeting. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. (Washington, DC, 2000).
25. “An Insect Inspired Hexapod Running Machine.” Symposium on Robotic Explorers.” (NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, CA, 2000).
26. “Neuromechanical Integration: From Galloping Ghosts to Gripping Geckos.” Invited speaker in Neural Information Processing Systems (Denver, CO, 2000). http://www.cs.cmu.edu/Web/Groups/NIPS/NIPS.html.
27. “Bestowing Biological Inspiration And Getting Novel Insight From Engineering And Entertainment.” Symposium on Science, Entertainment and Teaching. Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology. (Chicago, IL, 2001).
28. “Challenges and Opportunities in Bio-Inspired Computing and Enabling Technologies.” with D. Koditschek. Workshop on Frontiers at the Interface between Computing and Biology. National Research Council Study Group. (Beckman Center, Irvine Ca. 2001).
29. “Computational Neuromechanics and Component Technologies for Climbing.” Meeting on Controlled Biological Systems for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. (Breckenridge, CO, 2001).
30. “Inspiration from Comparative Physiology in the Design of Artificial Muscles, Skeletons and Control Systems.” Symposium on The Influence of Comparative Physiology on Engineering: Neuromuscular Biological Inspiration toward the Design of Artificial Muscle and Robots. (Organizer) American Physiological Society. (San Diego, CA, 2002).
31. “Sharing Research Discoveries Enables Students to Design Novel, Bio-inspired Robots.” Symposium: Developing Student-Scientist Relationships Through Robotics: Educating the Future Generation. American Association for the Advancement of Science. (Denver, Colorado, 2003).
32. “Problems and Challenges in BioRobotics”. Meeting on Cognitive Arthropods. DARPA Study Group at Boz, Allen and Hamilton. (Washington, DC 2003).
33. “Biological Inspiration”. Session on More than Medical—Emerging Application for Biotechnology in Biodefense, Bio2003. Biotechnology Industry Organization. (Washington, DC 2003).
34. “Programming Work to Go Anywhere: Bio-Inspired Robots, Artificial Muscles and Adhesives.” 22nd Highlands Forum on Life Sciences Complexity and National Security. Invitation from Secretary of Defense and DARPA. (St. Michaels, Md, 2003).
35. “Evolutionary Nanotechnology: Gecko Adhesive Mechanisms.” Symposium on Interface of Polymers and Biomimetics. American Chemical Society Meeting. (Anaheim, CA, 2004).
36. “Bipedal Bugs, Galloping Ghosts and Gripping Geckos: BioInspired Computer Animation, Robotics, Artificial Muscles and Adhesives.” Plenary Lecture. Robotics Institute 25th Anniversary. Robots and Thought. Grand Challenges Symposium. Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh, Pa, 2005).
International
1. “Bouncing endothermic insects.” International Symposia on Energy transformation in cells and animals. 10th Conference of the European Society of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry (Innsbruck, Austria, 1988).
2. “Comparative animal motility and gravity.” Symposia on Current concepts in gravitational biology. International Union of Physiological Sciences. Meeting on Gravitational Biology (Leningrad, U.S.S.R. 1990).
3. “Biological inspiration toward the design of hexapedal robots: stability and maneuverability.” Symposium Organizer. Symposium on “Comparative physiology and robotics.” 4TH International Congress of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry sponsored by the International Union of Biological Sciences (Birmingham, UK, 1995).
4. “Biomechanics of bouncing insects - Implication for robot design.” Workshop on “Bio-Mechatronics,” sponsored by the East Japanese Railway Corp. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. (Minneapolis, MN, USA,1996).
5. “The challenge of integrating musculo-skeletal mechanics with the neural control - a comparative view.” Symposium Organizer. Symposium on Rhythmic Movement in Natural and Artificial Systems. The Ninth Engineering Foundation Conference on Biomechanics and Neural Control of Movement. (Columbus, Ohio, USA, 1996).
6. “3D Dynamic models: Multiple muscle systems to whole body terrestrial locomotion.” Symposium on Linking muscle mechanics to energetics: from cross-bridge to locomotion. The Integrative Biology of Exercise. Intersociety Conference and the American Physiological Society. (Vancouver, Canada, Fall, 1996).
7. “Human locomotion: What should our next step be?” Workshop. Neural Control of Movement Conference. (Cancun, Mexico,1997).
8. “Lessons from many-legged locomotors.” Workshop on “Recent trends on robot locomotion,” IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. (Albuquerque, NM, USA,1997).
9. “The role of the mechanical system in control.” Keynote speaker. International Conference on Motion Systems. Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat (Jena, Germany, 1997).
10. “The role of the mechanical system in the neuromuscular control of arthropod walking and running.” Symposium on “Neuromechanics.” Society of Experimental Biology (York, UK, 1998).
11. “Neuromechanics of self-stabilization and maneuverability in polypeds.” Symposium on “Animal Locomotion and Robotics.” Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications. (Minneapolis, MN, USA, 1998).
12. “Intermittent Work Alters Distance Capacity.” Symposium on “Biomechanics and Behavior.” Society of Experimental Biology (Edinburgh, Scotland, 1999).
13. “Biomechanical templates and anchors: Invertebrate legged locomotion on land.” Symposium on “Design of Life: The Science of Biomechanics.” Society of Experimental Biology (Edinburgh, Scotland, 1999).
14. “Neuromechanics: Lessons from Many-Legged Locomotors.” Symposium at International Biological Award Presentation supported by the Emperor of Japan and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). (Nagoya, Japan 1999).
15. “The role of muscle in the control of dynamically coupled systems.” Symposium on “Mechanical Function of Muscle: Molecules to Movement.” Society of Experimental Biology (Exeter, England, 2000).
16. “Animal and Robot Athletes.” Keynote Speaker. 7th Annual Pacific Rim Conference on Exercise Science & Sports Medicine. (Berkeley, CA, 2000).
17. “Using Biological Inspiration to Build Artificial Life that Locomotes.” Symposium on Evolutionary Robotics From Intelligent Robotics to Artificial Life, (Tokyo, Japan 2001).
18. “Stability And Maneuverability In Sprawled Posture, Legged Locomotion.” Symposim on Stability and Maneuverability (Co-organizer). Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology. (Chicago, IL, 2001).
19. “BioInspiration: From Template to Anchor.” Symposium on Systems Approach to Motor Behavior. (Bielefeld, Germany, 2002).
20. “Scaling of Damping: Implications for Stability.” Symposium on Self-Stability. World Congress of Biomechanics. (Calgary, Canada, 2002).
21. “Biorobotics in the Age of Integration.” Keynote Speech. 2nd International Symposium on Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines. (Kyoto, Japan 2003).
22. Biologically Inspired Robots. Workshop. University of Bath (Bath, UK 2004).
23. “Extending the Preflex: Perturbation Rejection, Distributed Feet and Task Level Control.” Symposium on Biophysical and Biomechanical Adaptation and Bioinspired Engineering. International Union of Physiological Sciences Satellite Symposium. (California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA. 2005).
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Presentations at Meetings
National
1. Full, R.J. and C.F. Herreid II, “The effect of temperature on the energetic cost of locomotion in the cockroach.” American Society of Zoologists (Tampa, Florida 1979).
2. Full, R.J. and C.F. Herreid II, “Energetics of running sideways.” American Society of Zoologists (Seattle, Washington 1980).
3. Full, R.J. and C.F. Herreid II, “Aerobic response to exercise in the fastest pedestrian invertebrate.” American Society of Zoologists (Dallas, Texas 1981).
4. Full, R.J., “Energetic cost of locomotion in crabs: an evaluation of aerobic and anaerobic contributions.” Rochester Academy of Science (S.U.N.Y. College at Brockport 1982).
5. Full, R.J., J.A. Assad, and C.F. Herreid II, “Net whole body lactate production during sustained exercise in the fiddler crab.” American Society of Zoologists (Louisville, Kentucky 1982).
6. Full, R.J., “Exercising crabs: an intraspecific comparison of the cost of locomotion as a function of mass.” Rochester Academy of Science (St. John Fisher College 1983).
7. Full, R.J., “Running ghosts (Ocypode quadrata ): a comparison of large and small crabs.” American Society of Zoologists (Philadelphia, Penn. 1983).
8. Full, R.J. and C.F. Herreid II, “Economics of cockroaches exercising with loads.” American Society of Zoologists (Denver, Col. 1984).
9. Full, R.J., “Exercising without lungs: energetics and endurance in a lungless salamander, Plethodon jordani.” American Physiological Society (Niagara Falls, N.Y. 1985).
10. Full, R.J. and R. Blickhan, “Ghost crab locomotion: the efficiency of traveling sideways.” American Society of Zoologists (Baltimore, Maryland 1985).
11. Full, R.J. and K. Prestwich. “Anaerobic metabolism of bouncing gaits in ghost crabs.” American Society of Zoologists. (Nashville, Tenn. 1986).
12. Full, R.J., B.D Anderson, C. Finnerty and M.E. Feder. “ Exercising with and without lungs: a comparative study of gas exchange and endurance in salamanders.” American Society of Zoologists. (New Orleans, La. 1987).
13. Full, R.J. and Koehl, M.A.R. “Drag and lift on rapid running insects.” American Society of Zoologists. (Boston, Mass. 1989).
14. Full, R.J. and Min, C. “Do insects have a maximal oxygen consumption?” American Physiological Society (Orlando, Fl. 1990).
15. Full, R.J., Blickhan, R and Ting, L. “Gait changes in ghost crabs: evidence from exoskeleton strain.” American Society of Zoologists. (Atlanta, Georgia. 1991).
16. Full, R.J., Ting, L. and Blickhan, R. “Minimization of moments in multi-legged locomotion: roaches and robots.” American Society of Zoologists. (Vancouver, Canada, 1992).
17. Full. R.J., Kram, R., and Wong, B. “ Instantaneous power at the leg joints of running roaches.” American Society of Zoologists. (Los Angeles, Ca., 1993).
18. Full. R.J., Kram, R., and Wong, B. “Instantaneous joint power of running roaches.” American Physiological Society (San Diego, Ca., 1994).
19. Full. R.J., Kram, R., and Wong, B. “Mechanical energy of swinging six legs.” American Society of Zoologists. (St. Louis, Mo., 1995).
20. Full. R.J. and Chang, K. “Tuned tracks for hexapedal runners?” Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology. (Washington, DC., 1995).
21. R.J. Full, J. Glasheen, K. Autumn, A. Jagger, and A. Yamauchi. “Dynamics of Cockroach Climbing: Vaulting, Bouncing or Powering Over A Step?” Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology. (Boston, MA, 1998).
22. R.J. Full, K. Autumn, J. I. Chung and A. Ahn. “Rapid negotiation of rough terrain by the death-head cockroach.” Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology. (Denver, CO, 1999).
23. R.J. Full. “The Next Step for Locomotion.” Symposim on Intermittent Locomotion. (Organizer). Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology. (Atlanta, GA, 2000).
24. Meijer, K., Libby, T.M. and R.J. Full “Preflexive and reflexive components of stability: cockroach as a model musculo-skeletal system. Amer. Soc. Biomechanics (San Diego, CA, 2001).
25. R.J. Full, T. Kubow, M. Garcia, W. Schwind and D. Koditschek. “Can a simple neural oscillator generate rapid running in cockroaches?” Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology. (Toronto, Ca, 2003).
26. R.J. Full, J. Seipel and P. Holmes. “Dynamic Stability Model Predicts Constraints In Sprawled Posture Running.” Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology. (New Orleans, La, 2004).
International (non-symposia)
1. Full, R.J. and C.F. Herreid, “Energetics of multi-legged locomotion.” Proceeding of the International Union of Physiological Sciences, XXX Congress (Vancouver, Canada 1986).
2. Full, R.J. and Pham, D., “Hot hexapedal runners: exercise induced heat production in the American cockroach.” Proceeding of the International Union of Physiological Sciences, XXXI Congress (Helsinki, Finland 1989).
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Patents
US Patent 6,737,160. Inventors: Full et al., May 2004. Adhesive Microstructure and Method of Forming the Same.
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Journal / Book Publications
1. Herreid II, C.F., D.A. Prawel and R. J. Full. 1981. Energetics of running cockroaches. Science. 212: 331-333.
2. Herreid II, C.F., R.J. Full and D.A. Prawel. 1981. Energetics of cockroach locomotion. J. exp. Biol. 94: 189-202.
3. Full, R.J. and C.F. Herreid II. 1983. The aerobic response to exercise of the fastest land crab. Am. J. Physiol. 244: R530-R536.
4. Herreid II, C.F. and R.J. Full. 1983. Cockroaches on a treadmill: aerobic running. J. Insect Physiol. 30: 395-403.
5. Herreid II, C. F., P.J. O’Mahoney and R.J. Full. 1983. Locomotion in land crabs: respiratory and cardiac response of Gecarcinus lateralis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 74A: 117-124.
6. Full, R.J. and C.F. Herreid II. 1984. Fiddler crab exercise: energetic cost of running sideways. J. exp. Biol. 109: 141-161.
7. O’Mahoney, P.J. and R.J. Full. 1984. Respiration of crabs in air versus water. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 79A: 275-282.
8. Full, R.J., C.F. Herreid II and J.A. Assad. 1985. Energetics of the exercising wharf crab, Sesarma cinereum. Physiol. Zool. 58: 605-615.
9. Herreid II, C.F. and R.J. Full. 1986. Locomotion of hermit crabs (Coenobita compressus ) on beach and treadmill. J. exp. Bio. 120, 283-296.
10. Herreid II, C.F. and R.J. Full. 1986. Energetics of hermit crabs during locomotion: the cost of carrying a shell. J. exp. Bio. 120, 297-308.
11. Full, R.J. 1986. Locomotion without lungs: energetics and performance of a lungless salamander, Plethodon jordani. Am. J. Physiol. 251, R775-R780.
12. Full, R.J. 1987. Locomotion energetics of the ghost crab: I. Metabolic cost and endurance. J. exp. Bio. 130, 137-154.
13. Blickhan, R. and R.J. Full. 1987. Locomotion energetics of the ghost crab: II. Mechanics of the center of mass during walking and running. J. exp. Bio. 130, 155-174.
14. Herreid, C.F. and R.J. Full. 1988. Energetics and locomotion. In Biology of the Land Crab (eds. W. Burggren and B.R. McMahon). pp. 333-377. Cambridge University Press. New York.
15. Feder, M.E., Full, R.J. and Piiper, J. 1988. Elimination kinetics of acetylene and freon 22 in resting and active salamanders. Resp. Physiol. 72, 229-240.
16. Full, R.J., Anderson, B.D., Finnerty, C.M. and Feder, M.E. 1988. Exercising with and without lungs: I. The effects of metabolic cost, maximal oxygen transport and body size on terrestrial locomotion in salamander species. J. exp. Bio. 138, 471-485.
17. Full, R.J., Caldwell, R.L. and Chow, S. 1989. Smashing energetics: prey selection and feeding efficiency of the stomatopod, Gonodactylus bredini . Ethology. 82, 134-147.
18. Full, R.J. 1989. Mechanics and energetics of terrestrial locomotion: From bipeds to polypeds. In: Energy Transformation in Cells and Animals. (ed. W. Wieser and E. Gnaiger). Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart. pp. 175-182.
19. Full, R.J. and Tu, M.S. 1990. The mechanics of six-legged runners. J. exp. Biol. 148, 129-146.
20. Full, R.J. and Tullis, A. 1990. The energetics of ascent: insects on inclines. J. exp. Biol. 149, 307-317.
21. Full, R.J. Zuccarello, D.A. and Tullis, A. 1990. Effect of variation in form on the cost of terrestrial locomotion. J. exp. Biol. 150, 233-246.
22. Full, R.J. and Tullis, A. 1990. Capacity for sustained terrestrial locomotion in an insect: energetics, thermal dependence and kinematics. J. comp. Physiol. 160, 573-581.
23. Full, R.J. and Tu, M.S. 1991. Mechanics of rapid running insects: two-, four-, and six-legged locomotion. J. exp Bio. 156, 215-231.
24. Anderson, B.D, Feder, M.E. and Full, R.J. 1991. Energetic consequence of a gait change in toads. J. exp Bio. 158, 133-148.
25. Full, R.J. and Blickhan, R. and Ting, L.H. 1991. Leg design in hexapedal runners. J. exp Bio. 158, 369-390.
26. Full, R.J. 1991. Animal motility and gravity. Physiologist. 34, S15-18.
27. Full, R.J. 1991. Concepts of efficiency and economy in land locomotion. In: Efficiency and Economy in Animal Physiology. (ed. R.W. Blake). Cambridge University Press, New York. pp. 97-131.
28. Gatten, R., Miller, K. and Full, R.J. 1992. Locomotion energetics at rest and during exercise. In Environmental Physiology of Amphibians. (eds. M.E. Feder and W. Burggren). University of Chicago Press. New York. pp. 275-377.
29. Weinstein, R.B. and Full, R.J. 1992. Intermittent locomotion alters endurance in an eight-legged ectotherm. Amer. J. Physiol. 262, R852-859.
30. Full, R.J. and Weinstein, R.B. 1992. Integrating the physiology, mechanics and behavior of rapid running ghost crabs: slow and steady does not always win the race. Amer. Zool. 32, 382-395.
31. Biewener, A. and Full, R.J. 1992. Force platform and kinematic analysis. In: Biomechanics: Structures and Systems A Practical Approach. (ed. A. Biewener). IRL at Oxford University Press. New York. pp 45-73.
32. Blickhan, R. and Full, R.J. 1992. Mechanical work in terrestrial locomotion. In: Biomechanics: Structures and Systems A Practical Approach. (ed. A. Biewener). IRL at Oxford University Press. New York. pp. 75-96.
33. Full, R.J. 1993. Integration of individual leg dynamics with whole body movement in arthropod locomotion. In: Biological Neural Networks in Invertebrate Neuroethology and Robots. (eds. R. Beer, R. Ritzmann and T. McKenna). Academic Press. Boston. pp. 3-20.
34. Full, R.J. and Koehl, M.A.R. 1993. Drag and lift in running insects. J. exp Bio. 176, 89-103.
35. Blickhan, R., Full, R.J. and Ting, L.H. 1993. Exoskeletal strain: evidence for a trot-gallop transition in rapid running ghost crabs. J. exp Bio. 179, 301-321.
36. Full, R.J., Earls K., Wong, M. A., Caldwell, R.L. 1993. Locomotion like a wheel? Nature. 365: 495.
37. Blickhan, R. and Full, R.J. 1993. Similarity in multilegged locomotion: Bouncing like a monopode. J. comp. Physiol. 173, 509-517.
38. Autumn, K., Weinstein, R. and Full, R.J. 1994. Low cost of locomotion increases performance in a nocturnal gecko. Physiol. Zool. 67, 237-261.
39. Weinstein, R., and Full, R.J. 1994. Thermal dependence of locomotor energetics of the ghost crab, Ocypode quadrata. Physiol. Zool. 67, 855-872.
40. Weinstein, R., Full, R.J. and Ahn, A.N. 1994. Moderate dehydration decreases locomotor performance of the ghost crab, Ocypode quadrata. Physiol. Zool. 67, 873-891.
41. Queathem, L. and Full, R.J. 1994. Variation in jump force production within an instar of the grasshopper Schistocerca americana. J. Zool. London. 235, 605-620.
42. Ting, L.H., Blickhan, R. and Full, R.J. 1994. Dynamic and static stability in hexapedal runners. J. exp Bio. 197, 251-269.
43. Full, R.J. and Ahn, A. 1995. Static forces and moments generated in the insect leg: comparison of a three-dimensional musculoskeletal computer model with experimental measurements. J. exp Bio. 198, 1285-1298.
44. Full, R.J., Yamauchi, A. and Jindrich, D.L. 1995. Maximum single leg force production: cockroaches righting and running on photoelastic gelatin. J. exp. Bio. 198, 2441-2452.
45. Full, R.J. Invertebrate locomotor systems. 1997. In: The Handbook of Comparative Physiology. (ed. W. Dantzler). Oxford University Press. pp. 853-930.
46. Kram, R., Wong, B. and Full, R.J. 1997. Three dimensional kinematics and limb kinetic energies of running cockroaches. J. exp Bio. 200, 1919-1929.
47. Autumn, K., Farley, C. Emshwiller, M. and Full, R.J. 1997. Low cost of locomotion in the banded gecko: a test of the nocturnality hypothesis. Physiol. Zool. 70, 660-669.
48. Weinstein, R., and Full, R.J. 1998. Performance limits of low temperature continuous locomotion are exceeded when locomotion is intermittent in ghost crabs. Physiol. Zool. 71, 274-284.
49. Full, R. J., Stokes, D. R., Ahn, A. and Josephson, R. K. 1998. Energy absorption during running by leg muscles in a cockroach. J. exp Bio. 201, 997-1012.
50. Martinez. M.M., Full, R.J. and Koehl, M.A.R. 1998. Underwater punting by an intertidal crab: a novel gait revealed by the kinematics of pedestrian locomotion in air versus water. J. exp Bio. 201, 2609-2623.
51. Kubow T. M. and R.J. Full. 1999. The role of the mechanical system in control: A hypothesis of self-stabilization in hexapedal runners. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London B. 354, 849-862.
52. Jindrich, D.L. and Full, R.J. 1999. Many-legged maneuverability: dynamics of turning in hexapods. J. exp Bio. 202, 1603-1623.
53. Weinstein, R., and Full, R.J. 1999. Intermittent locomotion increases endurance in geckos. Physiol. Zool. 72:732-739.
54. Full, R.J. and Koditschek, D. E. 1999. Templates and Anchors - Neuromechanical hypotheses of legged locomotion on land. J. exp Bio. 202, 3325-3332.
55. Weinstein, R.B. and Full, R.J. 2000. Intermittent locomotor behaviour alters total work. In Experimental Biology Reviews:Biomechanics in Animal Behaviour (eds. P. Domenici and R.W. Blake). BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd. p.33-48.
56. Dickinson, M.H. Farley, C.T., Full, R.J., Koehl, M. A. R., Kram, R., and Lehman, S. 2000. How animals move: An integrative view. Science 288, 100-106.
57. Full, R.J. and Farley, C. T. 2000. Musculoskeletal dynamics in rhythmic systems. In Biomechanics & Neural Control of Posture & Movement. (eds. J.M. Winters & P.E. Crago). Springer Vaerlag-New York, Inc. p. 192-205.
58. Abbas, J., and Full, R. J. 2000. Neuro-mechanical interaction in cyclic movements. In Biomechanics and Neural Control of Posture and Movement. (eds. J. M. Winters and P. E. Crago) Springer-Verlag, New York, Inc. p.177-191.
59. Autumn, K., Liang, Y., Hsieh,, T, Zesch,, W., Chan, W.-P., T. Kenny, Fearing, R., and Full, R.J.. 2000. Adhesive force of a single gecko foot-hair. Nature. 405,681-685.
60. Full. R.J. 2000. Biological inspiration: Lessons from many-legged locomotors. In: Robotics Research Ninth International Symposium. J. (eds. Hollerbach and D. Koditschek), Springer-Verlag London, pp. 337-341.
61. Bailey, S.A., Cham, J.G., Cutkosky, M.R. and Full, R.J. 2000. Biomimetic Robotic Mechanisms via Shape Deposition Manufacturing. In Robotics Research: the Ninth International Symposium. (eds. J. Hollerbach and D. Koditschek), Springer-Verlag, London, pp. 403-410.
62. Full, R.J. and Meijer, K. 2001. Metrics of natural muscle. In: Electro Active Polymers (EAP) as Artificial Muscles, Reality Potential and Challenges. (ed. Y. Bar-Cohen), SPIE & William Andrew/Noyes Publications. pg. 67-83.
63. Full, R.J. 2001. Using Biological Inspiration to Build Artificial Life That Locomotes. In: Evolutionary Robotics From Intelligent Robotics to Artificial Life, International Symposium, Tokyo, Japan, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. (ed. T. Gomi), Springer-Verlag Berlin. pg. 110-120.
64. Ahn, A.N. and Full, R.J. 2002. A motor and a brake: two leg extensor muscles acting at the same joint manage energy differently in a running insect. J. exp Bio. 205, 379-389.
65. Kornbluh, R., Full, R.J., Meijer, K., Pelrine, R. and S.V. Shastri. 2002. Engineering a Muscle: An Approach to Artificial Muscle Based on Field-activated Electroactive Polymers In: Neurotechnology for Biomimetic Robots. (eds. J. Ayers, J. L. Davis, A. Rudolph) MIT Press. pp. 137-172.
66. Klavins, E. Komsuoglu, H., Full. R.J. and Koditschek, D. E. 2002. The Role of Reflexes Versus Central Pattern Generators in Dynamical Legged Locomotion. In: Neurotechnology for Biomimetic Robots. MIT Press. pp. 351-382.
67. Full, R.J., Kubow, T., Schmitt J., Holmes, P. and Koditschek D. 2002. Quantifying dynamic stability and maneuverability in legged locomotion. Int. & Comp. Biology 42, 149-157.
68. Altendorfer, A., N. Moore, H. Komsuoglu, M. Buehler, H.B. Brown Jr., D. McMordie, U. Saranli, R. Full, D.E. Koditschek. 2001 “RHex: A Biologically Inspired Hexapod Runner,” Journal of Autonomous Robots.11, 207-213.
69. Schmitt, J., Garcia, M., Razo, R.C., Holmes, P. and Full, R.J. 2002. Dynamics and stability of legged locomotion in the horizontal plane: A test case using insects. Bio. Cyber. . 86 (5), 343-353.
70. Autumn, K., Sitti, M., Liang, Y.A., Peattie, A.M., Hansen, W.R., Sponberg, S., Kenny, T., Fearing, R., Israelachvili, J.N. & Full, R.J. 2002. Evidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 99 (19), 12252-12256.
71. Jindrich, D.L. and Full, R.J. 2002. Dynamic stabilization of rapid hexapedal locomotion. J. exp Bio. 205, 2803-2823.
72. Federle, W., Riehle, Mathis, Curtis, A. and Full, R.J., 2002. An Integrative Study of Insect Adhesion: Mechanics and Wet Adhesion of Pretarsal Pads in Ants. Int. Comp. Biology. 42, 1100-1106.
73. Cham, J.G., Bailey, S.A., Clark, J.E., Full, R.J. and Cutkosky, M.R, 2002. Fast and robust: hexapedal robots via shape deposition manufacturing. Int Journal of Robotics Research. 21(10-11): 869-882.
74. Full, R.J. 2003. See how they run, crawl, hop, hover, fly, swim... J. exp. Biol. 206: 4188-4189.
75. Cowan, N.J, Ma, E.J., Cutkosky, M. and Full, R.J. 2003. "A biologically inspired passive antenna for steering control of a running robot." In: Robotics Research: the 11th International Symposium. Springer-Verlag. (Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics).
76. Seipel, J.E., P. J. Holmes, R. J. Full. 2004. Dynamics and stability of insect locomotion: a hexapedal model for horizontal plane motions. Biol. Cyber. 91, 76-90.
77. Koditschek, D.E., Full, R.J. and Buehler, M. 2004. Mechanical aspects of legged locomotion control. Arthropod Structure & Development. 33 (3): 251-272.
78. Huffard, C.L., Boneka, F. and R. J. Full. 2005. Underwater bipedal locomotion by octopuses in disguise. Science, Vol 307, Issue 5717, 1927.
79. Holmes, P., Full, R.J., Koditschek, D. and Guckenheimer, J. 2005. Dynamics of legged locomotion: Models, analyses, and challenges. SIAM Review (SIREV). In press.
80. Autumn, K., Hsieh, S. T., Dudek, D. M., Chen, J., Chitaphan, C. and Full, R. J. The dynamics of vertical running in geckos. Submitted to J. exp Bio.
81. Chen, J.J., A.M. Peattie, K. Autumn, and R.J. Full. Differential leg function in sprawled-posture quadrupedal trotters. Submitted to J. exp Bio.
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Proceeding Publications
1. Full, R.J., Tu, M.S. and Ting, L. 1989. Dynamics of insect locomotion compared to hexapod walking machine models. Proc. Amer. Soc. Mech. Engineering. DSC 17, 35-40.40.
2. Full, R.J. 1994. The importance of mechanical systems in understanding arthropod neural control of locomotion. Proc. An. Yale Workshop on Adaptive and Learning Systems. 8, 21-26.
3. Xu, X., Cheng, W., Dudek, D., Hatanaka, M., Cutkosky, M. R. and Robert J. Full, 2000. “Material Modeling for Shape Deposition Manufacturing of Biomimetic Components.” ASME Proceedings, DETC/DFM 2000, Baltimore, Maryland, September 10-14, 2000.
4. Garcia, M., Kuo, A., Peattie, A., Wang, P., Full, R.J. 2000. “Damping And Size: Insights and Biological Inspiration” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines.
5. Full, R.J. and Meijer, K. 2000. Artificial muscles versus natural actuators from frogs to flies. Proceedings of the SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol.3987, (Smart Structures and Materials 2000: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD), Newport Beach, CA, USA, 6-8 March 2000.) SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng, 2000. p.2-9.
6. Bartsch, M. S., A. Partridge, B. L. Pruitt, R.J. Full and T. W. Kenny. 2000. A three-axis piezoresistive micromachined force sensor for studying cockroach biomechanics. Proc. of the 2000. IMECE, Orlando, FL.
7. Bailey, S. A., Cham, J. G., Cutkosky, M. R., Full, R. J. 2000. “Comparing the Locomotion Dynamics of a Cockroach and a Shape Deposition Manufactured Biomimetic Hexapod” 2000. International Symposium on Experimental Robotics (ISER2000), Honolulu, HI, December 10-13, 2000.
8. Full, R. J. and Meijer, K. 2000. Artificial muscles versus natural actuators from frogs to flies. In Smart Structures and Materials 2000: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) (ed. Yoseph Bar-Cohen). Proc. SPIE Vol. 3987, p. 2-9.
9. Altendorfer, R., U. Saranli, H. Komsuoglu, D. Koditschek, H. B. Brown Jr., M. Buehler, N. Moore, D. McMordie, R. Full. 2000. “Dynamic Evidence for Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum Running in a Hexapod Robot,” ISER2000, Honolulu, Hawai, Dec 2000.
10. Liang, Y.A.; Autumn, K.; Hsieh, S.T.; Zesch, W.; Wai Pang Chan; Fearing, R.S.; Full, R.J.; Kenny, T.W. (2000). Adhesion force measurements on single gecko setae. Technical Digest. Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop (TRF Cat. No.00TRF-0001), Technical Digest. Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop, Hilton Head Island, SC, USA) Cleveland, OH, USA: Transducers Res. Found. p.33-8. xvi+376 pp.
11. Clark, J. E., Cham, J. G., Bailey, S. A., Froehlich, E. M., Nahata, P. K., Full, R. J. and Cutkosky, M. R, 2001. “Biomimetic Design and Fabrication of a Hexapedal Running Robot”., Intl. Conf. Robotics and Automation (ICRA2001), Seoul, Korea, May 21-26 2001.
12. Meijer, K., M. Rosenthal and R.J. Full. 2001. Muscle-like actuators. A comparison between three Electroactive Polymers. In: Smart structures and materials 2001: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, Proc. SPIE. Vol. 4329; 2-12.
13. Bartsch, M., Federle, F., Full, R.J., Kenny, T. 2001. Exploring Insect Biomechanics with Micromachined Force Sensors. Transducers ’01. 11th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers.
14. Meijer, K., Libby, T.M. and R.J. Full. 2001. Preflexive and reflexive components of stability: cockroach as a model musculo-skeletal system. 25th Annual Meeting of the Amer. Soc. Biomechanics. 143-144.
15. Pelrine, R, Kornbluh, R.D,, Qibing Pei, Stanford, S, Seajin Oh, Eckerle J, Full R.J., Rosenthal, M.A., and Meijer K. 2002. Dielectric elastomer artificial muscle actuators: toward biomimetic motion. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. Proceedings of SPIE - the International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 4695, pp.126-37. USA.
16. Pei, Q., R. Pelrine, S. Stanford, R. Kornbluh, M. Rosenthal, K. Meijer, and R.J. Full. 2002. “Multifunctional Electroelastomer Rolls,” Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, vol. 698, pp. 165–170.
17. Bartsch M.S, Federle W,, Full, R.J, and Kenny, T.W. 2003. Small insect measurements using a custom MEMS force sensor. TRANSDUCERS '03. 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.03TH8664). IEEE. Piscataway, NJ, USA. Part vol.2, pp.1039-42.
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Abstracts
1. Herreid II, C.F., D.A. Prawel and R.J. Full. 1979. Energetics of running cockroaches. Physiologist. 22: 55.
2. Carlson, D., R.J. Full, A. Schueckler and C.F. Herreid II. 1979. Effect of air flow on oxygen consumption in mice. Amer. Zool. 19: 864.
3. Full, R.J., D.A. Prawel and C.F. Herreid II. 1979. Effect of temperature on the energetic cost of running in the cockroach. Amer. Zool. 19: 898.
4. Herreid II, C.F. and R.J. Full. 1980. Energetics of running tarantulas. Physiologist. 23: 40.
5. Full, R.J. and C.F. Herreid II. 1980. Energetics of running sideways. Amer. Zool. 20: 909.
6. Herreid II, C.F., R.J. Full and S.M. Woolley. 1981. Hermit crab locomotion: energetic cost of carrying a shell. Physiologist. 24: 57.
7. Full, R.J. and C.F. Herreid II. 1981. The aerobic response to exercise in the fastest pedestrian invertebrate. Amer. Zool. 21:917.
8. Prawel, D.A., R.J. Full and C.F. Herreid II. 1981. Locomotion energetics of cockroaches: cost of transport. Pro. Roch. Acad. Sci. 14: 257.
9. Assad, J.A. and R.J. Full. 1982. Aerobic response to locomotion in the marsh crab. Pro. Roch. Acad. Sci. 15: 10.
10. Full, R.J. 1982. Energetic cost of locomotion in crabs: an evaluation of aerobic and anaerobic contributions. Pro. Roch. Acad. Sci. 15: 2.
11. Harwitz. J.M. and R.J. Full. 1982. Exercising cockroaches: the effects of training. Pro. Roch. Acad. Sci. 15: 25.
12. Assad. J.A., R.J. Full and C.F. Herreid II. 1982. Enigmatic energetics of exercising marsh crabs. Amer. Zool. 22: 959.
13. Full, R.J., J.A. Assad and C.F. Herreid II. 1982. Net lactate production during sustained exercise in the fiddler crab. Amer. Zool. 22: 959.
14. Full, R.J. 1983. Running ghosts (Ocypode quadrata ): a comparison of large and small crabs. Amer. Zool. 23: 957.
15. Assad, J.A., R.J. Full and C.F. Herreid II. 1983. Cockroaches pulling paper clips: an energetic evaluation of loading. Amer. Zool. 23: 957.
16. Harwitz, J.M., R.J. Full and C.F. Herreid II. 1983. Training the sideways runner. Amer. Zool. 23: 957.
17. Assad, J.A. and R.J. Full. 1984. Aerobic response to loading in cockroaches. Pro. Roch. Acad. Sci. 16: 23.
18. Harwitz, J.M. and R.J. Full. 1984. Long distance crabs: the effects of training. Pro. Roch. Acad. Sci. 16: 23.
19. Full, R.J. 1984. Exercising crabs: an intraspecific comparison of the cost of locomotion as a function of mass. Pro. Roch. Acad. Sci. 16: 24.
20. Herreid, C.F. and R.J. Full. 1984. Hermit crab energetics on treadmill and beach: the energetic cost of shell carrying. Amer. Zool. 24: 123A.
21. Herreid, C.F. R.J. Full, R.B. Weinstein and G.M. Sadlo. 1984. Does the number of legs affect the cost of locomotion? Amer. Zool. 24: 123A.
22. Full, R.J., J.A. Assad and C.F. Herreid. 1984. The economics of cockroaches exercising with loads. Amer. Zool. 24: 124A.
23. Full, R.J. 1985. Exercising without lungs: energetics and endurance in a lungless salamander, Plethodon jordani . Physiologist 28: 342.
24. Herreid, C.F., D.A. Sperrazza, R.B. Weinstein and R.J. Full. 1985. Energetics of locomotion of crawling caterpillars. Physiologist 28: 277.
25. Blickhan R. and R.J. Full. 1985. Ghost crab locomotion: the mechanical energy changes of the center of mass. Amer. Zool. 55A, 25.
26. Full, R.J. and R. Blickhan. 1985. Ghost crab locomotion: the efficiency of traveling sideways. Amer. Zool. 55A: 25.
27. Full, R.J. and C.F. Herreid. 1986. Energetics of multilegged locomotion. Pro. Int. Union Physiol. Sci. 16: 403.
28. Full, R.J. and K. Prestwich. 1986. Anaerobic metabolism of bouncing gaits in ghost crabs.” Amer. Zoo. 26: 88A.
29. Feder, M.E., Full, R.J. and Piiper, J. 1987. Kinetics of inert gas elimination in resting and active lungless salamanders: Can cutaneous gas conductance be adjusted? Physiologist. 30: 158.
30. Full, R.J., Anderson, B.D., Finnerty, C.M. and Feder, M.E. 1987. Lunged versus lunged salamanders: Terrestrial locomotion energetics and endurance. Amer. Zool. 27: 8A.
31. Full., R.J., Tu, M.S. and Tullis, A. 1988. Bouncing endothermic insects. Europ. Soc. of Comp. Physiol. and Biochem. 167:66.
32. Tu, M.S. and Full, R.J. 1988. Terrestrial locomotion mechanics: A comparison of 2-, 4-, 6, and 8-legged runners. Am. Zool. 28:120A.
33. Tullis, A. and Full, R.J. 1988. Exercise induced endothermy in running cockroaches. Am. Zool. 28:120A.
34. Zuccarello, D.A. and Full. R.J. 1988. The effect of form, loading and sex on locomotion energetics. Am. Zool. 28:120A.
35. Anderson, B.D., Feder, M.E. and Full, R.J. 1988. Energetics of sustained walking versus hopping in the toad, Bufo woodhousei fowleri. Amer. Zool. 28:121A.
36. Full, R.J. and Pham, D. 1989. Hot hexapedal runners: exercise induced heat production in the American cockroach. Pro. Int. Union Physiol. Sci. 17:296.
37. Anderson, B.D, Feder, M.E. and Full, R.J. 1989. Energetics of sustainable locomotion in toads: does a gait change conserve energy? Amer. Zool. 29:141A.
38. Tu, M.S. and Full, R.J. 1989. Mechanics of one gram, high-speed hexapedal runners. Amer. Zool. 29:140A.
39. Full, R.J. and Koehl, M.A.R. 1989. Drag and lift on rapid running insects. Amer. Zool. 29:140A.
40. Ting, L.H., Full, R.J. and Blickhan, R. 1989. Leg design and function in hexapedal runners. Amer. Zool. 29:140A.
41. Tullis, A. and Full, R.J. 1989. Energetics of ascent. Amer. Zool. 29:128A.
42. Pham, D.T. and Full, R.J. 1989. Effect of variation in morphology on the metabolic cost of locomotion: 4- vs. 6-legged cockroaches. Amer. Zool. 29:128A.
43. Zuccarello, D.A. and Full, R.J. 1989. Interspecific variation in the cost of locomotion on land. Amer. Zool. 29:128A.
44. Weinstein, R.B. and Full, R.J. 1989. Intermittent activity: how relevant are steady-state limitations? Amer. Zool. 29:127A.
45. Anderson, B.D, Full, R.J. and C.F Herreid, C.F. 1990. Energetics of undulations in centipedes. Physiologist 33:A36.
46. Full, R.J. and Min, C. 1990. Do insects have a maximal oxygen consumption? Physiologist 33:A89.
47. Weinstein, R.B. and Full, R.J. 1990. The importance of rest pauses during intermittent exercise in the ghost crab, Ocypode quadrata. Physiologist 33:A36.
48. Anderson, B.D, Full, R.J. and Chen, T. 1990. Mechanics of centipede locomotion. Amer. Zool. 30:135A.
49. Weinstein, R.B. and Full, R.J. 1990. Effect of temperature on the locomotion energetics of the ghost crab. Amer. Zool. 30:136A.
50. Wong, S.K., Full, R.J., Wallin, H., Ekbom, B. and Tan, I.C. 1990. Do beetles travel at their minimum cost of locomotion in the field? Amer. Zool. 30:136A.
51. Tan, I.C. and Full, R.J. 1990. Energetics of obstacle negotiation: insects traversing irregular terrain. Amer. Zool. 30:135A.
52. Ting, L., Full, R.J., Blickhan, R. and Tu, M.S. 1990. Is static stability important in hexapedal runners? Amer. Zool. 30:135A.
53. Full, R.J., Earls K., Wong, M. A., Caldwell, R.L. 1991. Locomotion like a wheel?: backward somersaulting stomatopods. Amer. Zool. 31: 140A.
54. Full, R.J., Blickhan, R. and Ting, L. 1991. Gait changes in ghost crabs: evidence from exoskeletal strain. Amer. Zool. 31: 140A.
55. Autumn, K., Weinstein, R.B. and Full, R.J. 1991. Low cost of locomotion permits activity at low temperatures in a nocturnal gecko. Amer. Zool. 31: 141A.
56. Ahn, A. Weinstein, R.B. and Full, R.J. 1991. Increased temperature and water loss decrease performance of the ghost crab. Amer. Zool. 31: 141A.
57. Weinstein, R.B. and Full, R.J. 1991. Intermittent locomotion increases distance capacity at low temperature in the ghost crab. Amer. Zool. 31: 141A.
58. Weinstein, R.B. and Full, R.J. 1992. Exercising intermittently alters distance capacity in the lizard, Teratoscincus przewalskii. Physiologist. 35: 187.
59. Full, R.J., Blickhan, R. 1992. Generality of a spring-mass model in predicting the dynamics of many-legged terrestrial locomotion. Physiologist. 35: 185.
60. Weinstein, R.B. and Full, R.J. 1992. Foraging ghost crabs move intermittently. Amer. Zool. 32: 45A.
61. Lee, C.S. , Full, R.J. and Weinstein, R.B. 1992. Intermittent locomotion in insects. Amer. Zool. 32: 39A.
62. Full, R.J., Ting, L. and Blickhan, R. 1992. Minimization of moments in multi-legged locomotion: roaches and robots. Amer. Zool. 32: 35A.
63. Ahn, A., Full, R.J. and Earls, K. 1992. Partitioning of joint moment among muscles in an insect leg. Amer. Zool. 32: 31.
64. Yamauchi. A. and Full, R.J. 1992. Cockroaches running and righting on jello: a comparison of force production. Amer. Zool. 32: 46A.
65. Van Laarhoven, M., Weinstein, R.B. and Full, R.J. 1993. Intermittent locomotion does not increase performance in anaerobic fiddler crabs. Amer. Zool. 33: 139A.
66. Queathem, E., Hoekstra, H. and Full, R.J. 1993. Effect of the molt cycle on the energetics of running in insects. Amer. Zool. 33: 139A.
67. Ahn, A. and Full, R.J 1993. Predicting static joint moment from estimates of muscle moment. Amer. Zool. 33: 140A.
68. Full. R.J., Kram, R., and Wong, B. 1993. Instantaneous power at the leg joints of running roaches. Amer. Zool. 33: 140A.
69. Lee, C.S., Full, R.J., and Weinstein, R.B.. 1993. Exercising intermittently increases endurance in an insect. Amer. Zool. 33: 29A.
70. Hoekstra, H., Queathem, E. and Full, R.J. 1993. Molting alters maximum force production in insects. Amer. Zool. 32: 29A.
71. Yamauchi, A., Wong, B., Kram R., and Full, R.J. 1993. Strategy of scaling steps in insects. Amer. Zool. 32: 29A.
72. Eckel, C., Ahn, A. and Full, R.J. 1993. Three dimensional simulation of flexor musculo-apodeme function in insects. Amer. Zool. 32: 29A.
73. Autumn, K. and Full, R.J. 1994. Phylogenetic patterns of nocturnality and physiological capacity in geckos. Physiologist 37: A61.
74. Queathem, E.J. and Full, R.J. 1994. Ontogenetic change in the energetic cost of locomotion in the cockroach. Physiologist 37: A74.
75. Full, R.J., Kram, R. and Wong, B. 1994. Instantaneous joint power of running roaches. Physiologist 37: A75.
76. Weinstein, R.B., Harrison, J.F. and Full, R.J. 1994. Intracellular muscle pH recovers rapidly in ghost crabs following exercise to exhaustion. Physiologist 37: A80.
77. Jindrich, D.L. and Full, R.J. 1994. Turning behavior of cockroaches. Amer. Zool. 34: 38A.
78. Anderson, B.D. and Full, R.J. 1994. Locomotor mechanics of the centipede Scolopendra heros. Amer. Zool. 34: 45A.
79. Full, R.J., Kram, R. and Wong, B. 1994. Mechanical energy of swinging six legs. Amer. Zool. 34: 45A.
80. Ahn, A. and Full, R.J. 1995. Effect of phase, cycle frequency and activation kinetics on power output by an insect leg extensor during oscillatory motion using a three-dimensional computer model. Physiol. Zool. 68: 45.
81. Full, R.J. 1995. Biological inspiration toward the design of hexapedal robots: stability and maneuverability. Physiol. Zool. 68: 56.
82. Martinez, M.M., Full, R.J. and Koehl, M.A.R. 1995. Kinematics of intertidal crabs locomoting through water and air. Physiol. Zool. 68: 58.
83. Jindrich, D.L. and Full, R.J. 1995. Dynamics of turning in a running cockroach. Physiol. Zool. 68: 57.
84. Anderson, B.D. and Full, R.J. 1995. The locomotor mechanics of metachronal gaits in the centipede Scolopendra heros. Physiol. Zool. 68: 58.
85. Jindrich, D.L. and Full, R.J. 1995. Mechanics of turning in hexapods. Pro. of the Amer. Soc. of Biomech. 19: 105-106.
86. Anderson, B.D. and Full, R.J. 1995. The kinetics of centipede locomotion. Pro. of the Amer. Soc. of Biomech. 19: 107-108.
87. Ahn, A., Eckel, C.M. and Full, R.J. 1995. Extensor and flexor function in exoskeletons: Musculo-skeletal model of an insect leg. Pro. of the Amer. Soc. of Biomech. 19: 239-240.
88. Martinez, M., Full, R.J. and Koehl, M.A.R. 1995. Kinematics of crabs locomoting in water versus air. Pro. of the Amer. Soc. of Biomech. 19: 237-238.
89. Full, R. J., and Chang, K. 1995. Tuned tracks for hexapedal runners? Amer. Zool. 35: 142A.
90. Tullis, A. and Full, R J. 1995. The energetics and kinematics of running upside-down. Amer. Zool. 35: 141A.
91. Martinez, M. M., Full, R. J. and Koehl, M A R. 1995. Mechanics of aquatic pedestrian locomotion in crabs. Amer. Zool. 35: 4A.
92. Kubow, T.M., Glasheen, J.W. and Full, R. J. 1996. Sprawled posture with opposing leg forces yields dynamic stability in a 2D insect model. Amer. Zool. 36: 9A.
93. Full, R J; Glasheen, J; Autumn, K; Jagger, A E; Yamauchi, A. 1997. Dynamics of cockroach climbing: Vaulting, bouncing or powering over a step? American Zoologist 37:177A
94. Jindrich, D L; Full, R J. 1997. Requirements for self-stabilizing running in hexapods. American Zoologist 37:176A.
95. Kubow, T M; Full, R J. 1997. Stability analysis of a 2D hexapedal model shows that nonlinear properties are important to the dynamics of running. American Zoologist 37:174A
96. Ahn, A N; Full, R J. 1997. A motor and a brake: Similar EMGs in two adjacent leg extensor muscles result in completely different function. American Zoologist. 37:107A.
97. Full, R. J.; Kubow, T.; 1997. The role of the mechanical system in control. Biona. 13:215-216.
98. Autumn, K.; Hsieh, S. T.; Dudek, D. M.; Chen, J.; Chitaphan, C.; Full, R. J.. 1998. Dynamics of geckos running vertically. American Zoologist. 38:84A.
99. Autumn, K.; Hsieh, S. T.; Dudek, D. M.; Chen, J.; Chitaphan, C.; Full, R. J.. 1998. Function of feet in ascending and descending geckos. American Zoologist. 38:84A.
100. Kubow, T.; Full, R. J. 1998. Effects of changing morphology on running stability shown by linearization of a two dimensional hexapod model. American Zoologist. 38:81A.
101. Full, R. J.; Autumn, K.; Chung, J. I.; Ahn, A. 1998. Rapid negotiation of rough terrain by the death-head cockroach. American Zoologist. 38:81A.
102. Jindrich, D. L.; Full, R. J. 1998. Kinematic variability during constant average speed running in cockroaches. American Zoologist. 38:81A.
103. Anderson, B. D.; Full, R. J. 1998. Mechanical energy of a virtual stride in centipedes. American Zoologist. 38:81A.
104. Meijer, K.; Full, R. J. 1999. Stabilizing properties of invertebrate skeletal muscle. American Zoologist, v.39, n.5.:117A.
105. Ahn, A. N.; Full, R. J. 1999. Muscles stimulated by the same motor neuron function differently in running roaches. American Zoologist, v.39, n.5.:117A-118A.
106. Autumn, K.; Hsieh, T.; Zesch, W.; Chan, W.-P.; Fearing, R.; Full, R. J. 1999. How gecko feet work.American Zoologist. 39 (5): 105A.
107. Meijer K., S. V. Shastri and R.J. Full. 1999. Evaluating the muscle-like properties of an ElectroActive Polymer actuator. In: Utilization of Electroactive Polymers: Advanced Technologies for the Commercial Development of Novel Applications October 28-29, Coronado, CA, USA.
108. Meijer, K. and R.J. Full 2000. Stabilizing properties of the coxa-femur extensor muscles of the cockroach (Blaberus discoidalis). Society of Experimental Biology (Exeter, England, 2000).
109. Ahn A.N and Full R.J. 2000. History-dependent properties result in differential function between muscles innervated by the same motor neuron. Society of Experimental Biology (Exeter, England, 2000).
110. Chen, J.J., A.M. Peattie, K. Autumn, and R.J. Full. (1999).Differential leg function in sprawled-posture quadrupedal trotters. American Zoologist. 39 (5): 106A.
111. Jindrich, D. L.; Full, R. J. (2000). Dynamic stabilization of rapid hexapodal locomotion. American Zoologist. 2000. 40 (6): 1077.
112. Dudek, D. M.; Full, R. J. (2000). Spring-like behavior of the legs of running insects. American Zoologist. 40 (6): 1002-1003.
113. Anderson, B. D.; Full, R. J.; Garcia, M. (2000). A spring-mass model of centipede locomotion. American Zoologist. 40 (6): 928.
114. Meijer, K.; Libby, T. M.; Full, R. J. (2000). Passive stability provided by the musculo-skeletal properties of an insect leg. In: American Zoologist. 40 (6): 1129-1130.
115. Full, R. J. (2000).Stability and maneuverability in sprawled posture, legged locomotion. American Zoologist. 40 (6): 1021-1022.
116. Full, R. J. (2000). Bestowing biological inspiration and getting novel insight from engineering and entertainment. American Zoologist. 40 (6): 1022.
117. Dudek, D.M. and R.J. Full. (2001). Leg function in running insects: resilience and impedance of legs linked to a body. American Zoologist. 41.
118. Libby, T., K. Meijer and R. J. Full. (2001). Partioning preflex and reflex contributions toward cockroach leg stability: a simulation study. American Zoologist. 41.
119. Peattie, A. M., M. S. Garcia, A. D. Kuo, P.C. Wang and R. J. Full. (2001). Damping estimates in insect legs indicate a role in control. American Zoologist. 41.
120. Federle W. and Full R J. Thin liquid films and ant adhesion. (2001) American Zoologist.41(6). 1441.
121. Irschick, D.J., , S. Bocchi and R. J. Full. (2001). Does power limit climbing performance? Loading small climbing lizards. American Zoologist. 41(6). 1481.
122. Irschick, D. J. and R. J. Full (2003). Running without a back: Experimental manipulations of axial bending in geckos and effects on kinematics and force dynamics. Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, Toronto, ON, Canada. Annual Meeting & Exhibition Final Program & Abstracts. 2003. 202.
123. Full, R. J., T. Kubow, M. Garcia, W. Schwind and D. Kodistchek (2003). Can a simple neural oscillator generate rapid running in cockroaches? Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, Toronto, ON, Canada.
124. Full, R.J., J. Seipel and P. Holmes. (2004). Dynamic Stability Model Predicts Constraints In Sprawled Posture Running. Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual Meeting & Exhibition Final Program and Abstracts. Jan 4-9 New Orleans, LA. p. 286.
125. Peattie, A.M., M. Sitti, R.S. Fearing, R. J. Full. (2004). Using a simple beam model to predict morphological variation in adhesive gecko hairs. Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual Meeting & Exhibition Final Program and Abstracts. Jan 4-9 New Orleans, LA.
126. Dudek, D.M. and R.J. Full. (2004). Mechanical properties of the support tripod in running insects. Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual Meeting & Exhibition Final Program and Abstracts. Jan 4-9 New Orleans, LA.
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Sponsored publications
1. Weinstein, R.B. 1995. Locomotor behavior of nocturnal ghost crabs on the beach: focal animal sampling and instantaneous velocity from three-dimensional motion analysis. J. exp. Biol. 198, 989-999.
2. Anderson, B.D., Shultz J.W. and Jayne B.C. 1995. Axial kinematics and muscle activity during terrestrial locomotion of the centipede Scolopendra heros. J. exp Bio. 198, 1185-1195.
3. Kram, R. 1995. Low cost of load carriage by rhinoceros beetles. J. exp Bio. 199, 609-612.
4. Weinstein, R.B. 1998. Effects of temperature and water loss on terrestrial locomotor performance in land crabs: Integrating laboratory and field studies. American Zoologist, v.38, n.3, (1998): 518-527.
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